NIV text, “that the spirit he caused to live in us tends toward envy.” Verse 4, which is closely tied to v. 5 by the conjunction “or,” indicates that the believer who is a friend of the world is guilty of spiritual adultery. Although his love and devotion belong to God, he has fallen in love with the world. It is natural, therefore, to expect v. 5 to speak of God’s jealous longing for his people’s love, rather than of their envious spirit. And there are OT passages that refer to God as jealously